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К проблеме формирования вод грязевых вулканов региона Южно-Каспийской впадины

Хаустов В.В.

К проблеме формирования вод грязевых вулканов региона Южно-Каспийской впадины

Хаустов Владимир Васильевич, доктор геолого-минералогических наук, доцент Юго-Западного государственного университета (г. Курск). E-mail: okech@mail.ru

Рассмотрены геолого-гидрогеологические условия Южно-Каспийской впадины в контексте ее рифтогенного происхождения. Анализируется общее и особенное в химизме эруптивных вод грязевых вулканов различных районов Южного Каспия и его обрамления. Выявлены различия генезиса грязевулканических вод, подтвержденные результатами информационно-компонентного анализа (метод RHA). В статье предпринята попытка уточнить генезис грязевулканических эруптивных вод, что открывает новые возможности для решения проблемы разработки адекватной модели формирования и эволюции самих грязевых вулканов.

Ключевые слова: гидрогеологические условия, геодинамика, геотектоника, грязевые вулканы, эруптивные воды, флюидодинамика, метод RHA.

Khaustov V.V. On the Formation of Mud Volcanoes’ Waters in Region of South Caspian Basin 

Vladimir V. Khaustov, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Associate Professor at South-West State University (Kursk, Russia). E-mail: okech@mail.ru

There are about four hundred mud volcanoes in the South Caspian Basin, and those ones are the matter of numerous researches. However the nature of this phenomenon is still the subject of intense scientific debate. At the same time despite the differences, all the researchers recognize the need of certain necessary conditions for the mud volcanoes formation, namely large sedimentary cover, a significant dislocation of folds which breached disjunctive of various orders, the presence in stratisphere some zones of abnormally high stratums’ pressures, and increased seismicity.

We have considered the geological and hydrogeological conditions of South Caspian Basin in the context of its rift origin and analyzed general and the particular in chemistry of the eruption water of mud volcanoes in different areas of the South Caspian Sea and its surroundings. As a result, we found some differences of the mud-water genesis. We used the method of RHA to clarify the mud volcanoes genetic characteristics of the various provinces of South Caspian Basin that enable to detect general patterns of change of multi-component objects in terms of separation and mixing.

We have demonstrated that geodynamic conditions are the main factor in the formation of water. These conditions are the Earth's crust stretching mode on one side, and of compression on the other side. It is well known that the Caspian region is characterized by pulsating mechanism of compression-tension due to complex kinematics of plates. Increasing of seismic activity and intensification of mud volcano activity are associated with tension.

We consider, that the most plausible hypothesis is ones of M.A. Martynova, under which juvenile aqueous fluid can not contain dissolved substances at the time of its origin. In what follows the formation of its chemical composition is due to the processes of mantle origin gas' dissolution and interaction with the host rocks. Within the limits of lower horizons of sedimentary sequence (hydrothermodynamic zone) rising juvenile aqueous fluid is enriched with metamorphic CO2, and then, up the section, reaching elysion zone, is mixed with the dehydratation waters. During periods of tectonic and seismic activity is pulsed discharge of groundwater, oil and gas, as well as decompressed sedimentary material in systems of large faults mainly through submarine and terrestrial mud volcanoes and to a lesser degree in reservoir beds of the edging of South Caspian Basin. In this case, offloads aqueous solution has often relatively low salinity compared to the surrounding sediment and marine waters. From these positions the difference in the chemical composition of South Caspian Basin water-mud areas is quite understandable. Water of mud volcanoes at Shamakhi-Gobustan Highlands is most "pure", because here is least influence of the sedimentary cover due to its smaller capacity. Water of mud volcanoes of Kura area, located directly in the field of major faults, has a relatively low salinity, as here are favorable conditions for upward migration and discharge of water from the deep horizons of the upper mantle and bottoms of consolidated crust. Water of mud volcanoes of Western Turkmenistan discharged under compression when the conditions and ways of upward migration of fluids are difficult, and the destruction of areas of abnormally high reservoir pressure is more intense, so that the share of dehydratation and sedimentation water prevails.

Keywords: hydrological conditions, geodynamics, fluid dynamics, geotectonics, mud volcanoes, eruptive water, the RHA-method.

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